10.11.2021 | 2 Minuten

Abstract Factory

https://codesandbox.io/s/zen-voice-u21en

Square game

Imagine we want to build a game where you can create squares with your mouse. In every level the squares should have a different look and behaviour. The core game loop should stay the same. What's the best way to accomplish this?

Abstract Factory

You guessed correctly, the abstract factory pattern!

interface SquareFactory {
  makeSquare(x: number, y: number): Square;
}

interface Square {
  x: number;
  y: number;

  update(): void;

  draw(canvas: HTMLCanvasElement): void;
}

Our game loop can use this factory to create a square when the user clicks the screen.


class MouseSquarePainter {
  squares: Square[] = [];

  constructor(private canvas: HTMLCanvasElement, private sf: SquareFactory) {
    canvas.addEventListener("mousemove", (e) => {
      if (e.buttons === 1) {
        this.addSquare(e.offsetX, e.offsetY);
        e.preventDefault();
      }
    });

    this.update();
  }

  addSquare(x: number, y: number) {
    const sq = this.sf.makeSquare(x, y);
    sq.draw(this.canvas);
    this.squares.push(sq);
  }

  update() {
    [...]
    
    this.squares.forEach((s) => {
      s.draw(this.canvas);
    });

    requestAnimationFrame(() => this.update());
  }
}

Implementation

To create a level we now have to implement our SquareFactory and Square interfaces.

class BigBlueSquare implements Square {
  speedX = Math.random() - 0.5;
  speedY = Math.random() - 0.5;

  constructor(public x: number, public y: number) {}

  update() {
    this.speedX *= 1.01;
    this.x += this.speedX;
    this.speedY *= 1.01;
    this.y += this.speedY;
  }

  draw(canvas: HTMLCanvasElement) {
    const ctx = canvas.getContext("2d")!;
    ctx.strokeStyle = "#FF0000";
    ctx.fillStyle = "#0000FF55";
    ctx.beginPath();
    ctx.rect(this.x - 25, this.y - 25, 50, 50);
    ctx.stroke();
    ctx.fill();
  }
}

class BigBlueSquareFactory implements SquareFactory {
  makeSquare(x: number, y: number) {
    return new BigBlueSquare(x, y);
  }
}

And pass an instance of our Factory to the game.

const rsp2 = new MouseSquarePainter(canvas2, new BigBlueSquareFactory());

View the full code and play the "game" here: https://codesandbox.io/s/zen-voice-u21en?file=/src/index.ts

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